d7bbec20-f8d8-4a8a-9a99-c7cdafaaa77dContainer glass (delivered to the end user of the contained product, reuse rate: 7%)technology mixproduction mix at plantProcessesProductionMaterial productionMinerals productionGood data quality. Data collected on site by experts from the container glass industry in accordance with the FEVE methodology and ISO
14040 standards, and consistency-checked by LCA-experts from PE International. GaBi database used for upstream data on energy and materials. Upstream data on soda adapted
based on discussions with Solvay.70The geographical boundary covers glass containers produced in the EU 27, as well as Switzerland and
Turkey.In the study, site-specific data representative of current technology (furnace and abatement technology) used in
Europe (> 72% of production volume) of reference year 2007 were collected and analysed. Furnace technologies covered in the European scenario are: Regenerative Furnace,
Recuperative Furnace, Oxy-Fuel Furnace and Electric Furnace. The background system is addressed as follows: Electricity, Thermal energy: The electricity (and thermal energy
as by-product) used is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly the
individual power plants in service are modelled according to the current national grid. This includes net losses and imported electricity. Second, the national emission and
efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled. Third, the country-specific fuel supply (share of resources used, by import and / or domestic supply) including the
country-specific properties (e.g. element and energy contents) are accounted for. Fourth, the import, transport, mining and exploration processes for the energy carrier
supply chain are modelled according to the specific situation of each power-producing country. The different mining and exploration techniques (emissions and efficiencies)
in the different exploration countries are accounted for according to current engineering knowledge and information. Steam: The steam supply is modelled according to the
individual country-specific situation with regard to the technology efficiencies and energy carriers used. Efficiencies range from 84% to 94% in relation to the
representative energy carrier (gas, oil, coal). Coal, crude oil and natural gas used for the generation of steam are modelled according to the specific import situation
(see electricity). Transports: All relevant and known transport processes used are included. Overseas transport including rail and truck transport to and from major ports
for imported bulk resources are included. Furthermore all relevant and known pipeline and / or tanker transport of gases and oil imports are included. Energy carriers:
Coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Refinery products: Diesel, gasoline, technical gases,
fuel oils, basic oils and residues such as bitumen are modelled via a country-specific, refinery parameterized model. The refinery model represents the current national
standard in refinery techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption,...) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be
quite different from country to country. Hence the refinery products used show the individual country-specific use of resources. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again,
according to the country-specific crude oil situation with the respective properties of the resources.The function of products made using glass would be to store and contain liquids and/or solids (e.g. wine, jam, beer, spirits, non
alcoholic beverages, food, etc). Production of specialty flacconage, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and perfume glass containers was excluded from this
study.100512 System boundaries diagram - with reuse.jpgLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - massSubstitution - recycling potentialNot applicableThere is no allocation necessary for the glass manufacturing process. To account for the recycling of cullet at End-of-Life of the
container glass products a substitution approach is applied describing the savings in comparison to the use of raw materials. Allocation of upstream data (energy and
materials): * Energy data (e.g. refined products like diesel, gasoline, fuel oil and propane) are allocated by mass in relation to the refinery emissions and energy demands
are allocated by energy content in relation to the crude oil consumption. * Materials and chemicals needed during manufacturing are modelled using economic allocation when
multiple products are manufactured by the respective processes.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value. For the transport of energy carriers average transport
processes - as provided by the container glass industry - with specific parameter settings e.g. transport distances and route (ship, pipeline, rail, road) are
used.NoneFEVE LCA Method ReportThe following cut-off criteria were applied in the study all upstream data: - Mass: If a flow is less than 2% of the
cumulative mass of the model, it may be excluded, providing its environmental relevance is not a concern. - Energy: If a flow is less than 2% of the cumulative energy of
the model it may be excluded, providing its environmental relevance is not a concern. - Environmental relevance: If a flow meets the above criteria for exclusion, yet is
thought to potentially have a significant environmental impact, it will be included. Material flows which leave the system (emissions) and whose environmental impact is
greater than 2% of the whole impact of an impact category that has been considered in the assessment, must be covered. This judgment will be done based on experience and
documented as necessary. The sum of the excluded material flows must not exceed 5% of mass, energy or environmental relevance. The study covers 99.97 % of the mass of
upstream production of virgin batch inpu materials. Batch material quantities (excluding cullet) were assessed on the dry weight, except for quartz sand which might contain
up to 5% of moisture. Data on transport was not available for some materials representing in sum less than 1% of total batch mass. For these cases a distance of 200km,
modelled 50% by truck and 50% by train (diesel), was taken into account. In cases where no primary data were available, either estimations provided by the involved
companies or calculated data, e.g. on CO2, were used.For the material and energy input to the gate-to-gate data, no cut-off criteria were applied as it was intended
to capture the complete material input.All data were collected and provided in a consistent way and consistent upstream data are used for all production and
transportation processes. In addition to primary process data, the container glass LCI model utilizes GaBi upstream data. Where participating companies have access to data
e.g. on cullet logistics and treatment, these data were used.NoneIn cases where no primary data were available, either estimations provided by the involved companies or calculated
data were used. Container glass production was modelled based on calculated CO2 emission using emission factors for CO2 emissions from natural gas combustion and direct
carbon dioxide emissions related to batch materials (soda ash, limestone, dolomite, and coke).None72.0Data were collected for container glass manufacturing furnaces with a total annual throughput of 14.31 million metric tons of
formed and finished melted glass, representative of about ~72% (referring to production volume) of European container glass production (~20 million metric tons in
2007).Primary data were collected on container glass production for the year 2007. These data were based on annual average data for the year
2007. The representative upstream data (mainly raw materials, energies, fuels, and ancillary materials) were obtained from the GaBi 4 database 2006 and are representative
of the years 2000-2005, based on data availability.Sensitivity analysis was used to address the precision and uncertainty of relevant data as well as to justify the inclusion or exclusion
of data from the system boundaries.The data set includes the burden and credit associated with the upstream processing and production of materials and energies that make up
the production of the stated functional unit; transport of materials to container glass production sites, production of container glass, transport to warehouses and
customers, and end-of-life disposal / recycling / reuse. To account for the credit associated with the recycling of cullet from End-of-Life, the current European average
recycling rate is estimated to be 54 % as well as the reuse rate is estimated to be 7 %. The filling and use phase of the filled product (including transport to the
end-user) is excluded from this study since it is independent from the finished container. For further information and questions, please contact the European Container
Glass Federation, FEVE: www.feve.org. A version of the FEVE LCI datasets excluding the reuse phase is available on the website www.feve.org under registered
access.No statementThe Scope of the Critical Review: The review panel had the task to assess whether - the methods used to carry out the LCA are consistent
with the international standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 - the methods used to carry out the LCA are scientifically and technically valid, - the technological coverage of
the glass container industry in the prevalent LCA study is representative of the current practice, - the data used are appropriate and reasonable in relation to the goal
of the study, - the interpretations reflect the limitations identified and the goal of the study, and - the study report is transparent and consistent. General
evaluation: The defined scope for this LCA study was found to be appropriate to achieve the defined goals. The LCI model was applicable for the purpose of the study and
had the capacity to support the goal of the study. Primary data were collected at more than 200 furnaces representing more than 72% of the production volume (mass of
container glass production). Data quality is found to be high. As a result, the report is deemed to be representative and complete. The study was reported in a
transparent manner. Various assumptions were addressed and backed by sensitivity analyses of critical data and methodological choices. The critical review panel
acknowledges the unrestricted access to all requested information as well as the open and constructive dialogue during the critical review process. Conclusion: The study
has been carried out in compliance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The critical review panel found the overall quality of the methodology and its execution to be excellent
for the purposes of the study.FinkbeinerBeerkensHorvathRossReview Report of Independent Review PanelthinkstepILCD Data Network compliance draftFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedLife Cycle Assessment of Container Glass in EuropeAs trade association representing the European glass container industry, FEVE seeks additional reliable scientific information to
communicate the environmental performance of glass to governmental agencies, customers or retailers, non-governmental organizations and other parties concerned. FEVE is
interested in promoting the continuous improvement of the environmental sustainability performance of container glass and provide reliable data for environmental labelling
purposes.thinkstep2017-01-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1thinkstep2017-01-01T00:00:00+01:0011.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedthinksteptrueFree of charge for all users and usesThe data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other
formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the ELCD data sets and the ILCD format are met that can be accessed via
http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to the 'Owner of data set' and to the 'ELCD database' plus version number, when using the data
set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by
producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete ELCD data set, and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For
details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions.Container glassOutput110.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation