d1befc51-af18-4725-b356-3c79be66b249Continuous filament glass fibre (assembled rovings)-at plant-ProcessesProductionMaterial productionMinerals productionProcess-related data were collected from 6 European glass fibre production sites in accordance with ISO 14040. Specific electricity grid
models were used for each country where plants are located. Other upstream data are based on global averages. For modelling and other upstream processes and materials, the
DEAM and EcoInvent databases have been used. The TEAM software has been used to generate this ELCD data set for continuous glass fibre.81The data set is based on average site-specific data of the European glass fibre industry. The production sites that were selected
appropriately reflect this process for European continuous filament glass fiber (CFGF) production. GlassFibreEurope members that took part to the data collection
represent 95% of the CFGF production in Europe.Continuous Filament Glass Fibres contain silica sand, limestone, kaolin and dolomite and are produced using the same
basic production process. Small amounts of specialty chemicals may also be added. Silica sand and limestone are extracted and milled before storage in the batchhouse. Raw
materials are blended and then melted in a furnace at approx. 1500° C to form molten glass with a uniform controlled viscosity. The molten glass is then drawn through a
multi-hole heat resistant precious tray called a bushing, which has up to a few thousands of precisely drilled openings through which the glass flows to form thin
filaments. The filament's diameter ranges from 5 to 30 µm. They are treated by various chemical and physical processes called "sizing", which alter their
properties and make them suitable for a wide range of specific reinforcement uses. This sizing, for example, helps to protect the filament during weaving or braiding. It
also determines the adherence of the glass fibre to different resins and therefore the quality and properties of the end-use application (e.g. if the end-use application is
thermoplastics, the sizing makes it have an affinity for polymers). The type of sizing depends on the further processing (pultrusion, winding, moulding, weaving, etc.). The
process consumes thermal energy, typically natural gas, and electricity. Production and transport of electricity is representative of national electricity production, where
each sit is located.Continuous filament glass fibre are used in the reinforcement of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins in a wide variety of
applications: the automotive and transport sectors, the electrical/electronics industry, the construction industry. Other markets for composite materials include
pipes and tanks, agricultural equipment, industrial machinery, wind-turbine blades and the sports, leisure and marine sectors.Rovings.jpgFlowchart.JPGLCI resultAttributionalnoneAllocation - massWhen product-specific data were not available, the mass allocation was used for all sites. This consists in allocating a part
of the impacts in proportion to the respective mass of the co-products. In order to compare the results between the different products, all allocations have been calculated
on a dry product basis. Mass allocation was preferred to allocation based on price, in agreement with the ISO 14040 preference order. If an allocation based on price had
been chosen instead, results would not have been drastically different, as prices of CFGF products are within a price range of 20% (typically between 1 to 1.25
/kg).Concerning energy consumption, all data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value. Concerning transport of raw
materials, the model used to calculate the fuel consumption considers that the load transported by trucks affects the fuel consumption of those trucks. We consider that a
part of the real consumption is constant and that the other part depends on the transported load. The model used to estimate the fuel consumption of a truck depending on
its load, while taking into account an empty return factor is the following: Cc * km * (1/3*Cr/Cu + 2/3*(1+R)) * Q/Cr With: Cc = Truck fuel consumption in litre per km
km = transport distance of the load in km Cr = real load in the truck, including the packaging weight Cu = the maximum load of the truck (for instance 24 t) R =
empty return ratio Q = quantity of transported material When information about the empty return ratio was missing, a default value of 30% has been chosen, as a
conservative default value. Conerning waste water treatment, most sites discharge their water into municipal treatment plants, possibly after on-site treatment. For these
sites, water releases to the environment were often not available. In the case of lack of data, a typical abatement rate was applied based on the type of water treatment
plant. When site-specific abatement rates were available, they were applied. When no information was provided concerning the water treatment plant, it was considered by
default as a physico-chemical water treatment plant, which is a worst case assumption (suspended matter 80%, COD 40%, nitrogen 10% and phosphorous matter 80%
abatement).noneLCA report final CFGF_29022012In accordance with ISO14040: 97% cut-off criteria (mass) applied for non-hazardous inputs and outputs - No cut-off criteria
for hazardous products or emissions. For this datasheet, flows excluded from the study represent less than 3% of total input mass. Infrastructure is not included. Note:
integrating production of bushings (which are part of the production equipment) would increase energy consumption by 10%. All upstream processes (electricity, kaolin, sand,
etc.) are included.noneData set based on average site-specific data on an annual basis. Vertical aggregation is used to calculate European
average. Final weighting of individual LCI from different sites is based on annual site production.noneMissing data are substituted by the average value calculated from the data supplied by those plants that made positive
returns.noneDEAM DatabaseEcoinvent v2.095.0The data set is a cradle to gate life cycle assessment of continuous filament glass fibre. The LCI data set should be used for LCI/ LCA
studies where continuous filament glass fibre are used. For more details and further LCI data sets related to mineral products, please contact
GlassFibreEurope.All relevant flows quantifiedInventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation,
representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044.; Documentation: The review of the documentation was performed by PE
International and is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The data set documentation is correct in view of the appropriateness of the information provided. It includes
all relevant information in view of data quality and scope of application of the respective LCI result.thinkstepLCA Container Glass FEVE Method ReportILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedGlassFibre EuropeGlassFibreEurope LCA project. For more details, please contact GlassFibreEurope: info@glassfibreeurope.euThe aim of the project was to develop cradle to gate LCI data on continuous filament glass fibre products. The LCI data can be used
in the development of LCI data and LCA of downstream products.Ecobilan2017-01-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1DEAM DatabaseEcobilanGlassFibre Europe2017-01-01T00:00:00+01:0011.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedGlassFibre EuropetrueFree of charge for all users and usesThe data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other
formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the ELCD data sets and the ILCD format are met that can be accessed via
http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to the 'Owner of data set' and to the 'ELCD database' plus version number, when using the data
set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by
producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete ELCD data set, and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For
details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions.Continuous filament glass fibreOutput110.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation